python
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1. illustrate the use of method overriding explain with example
2. Illustrate data abstraction with proper example
3. State use of namespace in python
4.what is local and globle variables
5. List built in class attributes
6. What is object give example
7. List reading keyboard input function
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Features
Applications
Uses
Advantage
Disadvantage
Statements
Identifiers
Loops
Modes
Methods
Functions:
-built in function
+math
+string
Operators
Variable
Modules
List
Set
Tuple
Dictionary
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1. Define the identity Operator python with example
2. Describe different modes of python
3. State basic list operation in python with example
(4 m)
4. Write program to calulate sum of n natural number using while loops
5. What is python path, how to add pyton in windows
6.Wrote simple program display welcome message
7. List operators in details
8. explain set and how to access, update, delete value in sets
9. Define dictionary, how to create dictionary write any program of dictionary
Q1. Attempt any FIVE of the following. (10 M)
a) Name different modes of Python
>
Interactive Mode
Batch Mode
Script mode
Interactive Mode :
Interactive mode is a command line shell.
-mode allows us to write codes in Python command prompt (>>>)
-mode is used to test the features of the python, or to run a smaller script that may not be reusable.
Batch Mode :
Batch mode is mainly used to develop business applications
Script mode:
script mode programs can be written and stored as separate file with the extension .py and executed.
-Script mode is used to create and edit python source
❗️
b) List identity operators
>-operators compare the memory locations of objects
-There are two Identity operators as below
-is :
Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise
Eg:
x=5
If(type(x) is int):
print("true")
Else:
print("false")
Output: true
is not:
Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise.
Eg:
X=5.2
if (type(x) is not int):
print("true")
else:
print("false")
Output : true
c) Describe Dictionary
>
Dictionary
unordered and mutable Python container that stores mappings of unique keys to values.
create dictionary
placing a sequence of elements within curly {} braces, separated by 'comma
# set of mixed datatypes
my_set = {1.0, "Hello", (1, 2, 3)}
print(my_set)
Output
{1, 2, 3}
{1.0, (1, 2, 3), 'Hello'}
d) State use of namespace in Python
>
The namespace helps the Python interpreter to understand what exact method or variable is trying to point out in the code.
-A namespace is a system that has a unique name for each and every object in Python
-Python itself maintains a namespace in the form of a Python dictionary
-the role of a namespace is like a surname
-One might not find a single "Alice" in the class there might be multiple "Alice" but when you particularly ask for "Alice Lee" or "Alice Clark"
e) List different Object Oriented features supported by Python.
>
Python is also an object-oriented language since its beginning. Python is an objectoriented programming language. It allows us to develop applications using an Object Oriented
approach. In Python, we can easily create and use classes and objects.
Major principles of object-oriented programming system are given below.
Object
Class
Method
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Data Abstraction
encapsulation
f) Write steps involved in creation of a user defined exception?
>
g) Describe Python Interpreter
>
interpreter is a program that reads and executes code. This includes source code, precompiled code, and scripts. Common interpreters include Perl, Python, and Ruby interpreters,
which execute Perl, Python, and Ruby code respectively.
The Python interpreter is the application that runs your python script. Read the script line by line
and converts that script into python byte code, and then writes the byte code into a pyc file. If your
application has multiple files it creates a pyc file for every .py file. It is at this stage that syntax
errors are generated.
Q.2) Attempt any THREE of the following.
(12 M)
a) Explain two Membership and two logical operators in python with appropriate examples.
>
Logical Operators:
They can combine conditions.
and (Logical and)
or (Logical or)
not (Logical not)
Membership Operators:
check whether a value is in another. Python has 2 membership operators:
in
not in
b) Describe any four methods of lists in Python
>
Methods Descriptions
append() adds an element to the end of the list
extend() adds all elements of a list to another list
remove() removes an item from the list
clear() removes all items from the list
sort() sort items in a list in ascending order
reverse() reverse the order of items in the list
copy() returns a shallow copy of the list
# Add 'a' to the end
my_list.append('a')
# Output: [3, 8, 1, 6, 8, 8, 4, 'a']
c) Comparing between local and global variable
>
2. local 😇 & global😈 variable
-😇A variable declared inside the function is called local function".
-😈Global variables are those which are not defined inside any function and have a global scope
d) Write a python program to print Fibonacci series up to n terms
nterms = int(input("How many terms? "))
# first two terms
n1, n2 = 0, 1
count = 0
# check if the number of terms is valid
if nterms <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer")
elif nterms == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence upto",nterms,":")
print(n1)
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
while count < nterms:
print(n1)
nth = n1 + n2
# update values
n1 = n2
n2 = nth
count += 1
Q.3) Attempt any THREE of the following.
(12 Marks)
a) Write a program to input any two tuples and interchange the tuple variable.
Answer:
t1 = tuple( )
n = input("Total number of values m first tuple")
for i in range (n):
a = input("Enter elements")
t2 = t2 + (a, )
print "First tuple"
print t1
print "Second tuple"
print t2 t1, t2 = t2, t1
print "After swapping"
print "First tuple"
print t1
print "Second tuple"
print t2
b) Explain different loops available in python with suitable examples.
Answer: In general, statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is
executed first, followed by the second, and so on. There may be a situation when you need to
execute a block of code several number of times.
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated
execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. The
following diagram illustrates a loop statement –
DIAGRAM 1
1. While Loop
A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement
as long as a given condition is true.
Syntax
The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is −
while expression:
statement(s)
DIAGRAM2
Example
count = 0
while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1
print "Good bye!"
2. For Loop
It has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list or a string.
Syntax
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
If a sequence contains an expression list, it is evaluated first. Then, the first item in the sequence
is assigned to the iterating variable iterating_var. Next, the statements block is executed. Each item
in the list is assigned to iterating_var, and the statement(s) block is executed until the entire
sequence is exhausted.
Flow Diagram
DIAGRAM 3
Example
#!/usr/bin/python
for letter in 'Python': # First Example
print 'Current Letter :', letter
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits: # Second Example
print 'Current fruit :', fruit
print "Good bye!"
3. Nested Loops
Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop. Following section
shows few examples to illustrate the concept.
Syntax
for iterating_var in sequence:
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
statements(s)
The syntax for a nested while loop statement in Python programming language is as follows –
while expression:
while expression:
statement(s)
statement(s)
Example
The following program uses a nested for loop to find the prime numbers from 2 to 100 –
#!/usr/bin/python
i = 2
while(i < 100):
j = 2
while(j <= (i/j)):
if not(i%j): break
j = j + 1
if (j > i/j) : print i, " is prime"
i = i + 1
print "Good bye!"
d) Illustrate the use of method overriding? Explain with example.
Answer: Method overriding is an ability of any object-oriented programming language that allows
a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided
by one of its super-classes or parent classes. When a method in a subclass has the same name,
same parameters or signature and same return type (or sub-type) as a method in its super-class,
then the method in the subclass is said to override the method in the super-class.
DIAGRAM 4
Example -:
# Python program to demonstrate
# method overriding
# Defining parent class
class Parent():
# Constructor
def __init__(self):
self.value = "Inside Parent"
# Parent's show method
def show(self):
print(self.value)
# Defining child class
class Child(Parent):
# Constructor
def __init__(self):
self.value = "Inside Child"
# Child's show method
def show(self):
print(self.value)
# Driver's code
obj1 = Parent()
obj2 = Child()
obj1.show()
obj2.show()
Output:
Inside Parent
Inside Child
Q.4) Attempt any THREE of the following.
(12 Marks)
a) Use of any four methods of tuple in python?
Answer: A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists.
The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples
use parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.
1. LEN() Function -:
Python tuple method len() returns the number of elements in the tuple.
Syntax
len(tuple)
Example -:
tuple1, tuple2 = (123, 'xyz', 'zara'), (456, 'abc')
print "First tuple length : ", len(tuple1)
print "Second tuple length : ", len(tuple2)
2. MAX() Function -:
Python tuple method max() returns the elements from the tuple with maximum value.
Syntax
max(tuple)
Example -:
tuple1, tuple2 = (123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc'), (456, 700, 200)
print "Max value element : ", max(tuple1)
print "Max value element : ", max(tuple2)
3. MIN() Function -:
Python tuple method min() returns the elements from the tuple with minimum value.
Syntax
min(tuple)
Example -:
tuple1, tuple2 = (123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc'), (456, 700, 200)
print "min value element : ", min(tuple1)
print "min value element : ", min(tuple2)
4. CMP() Function -:
Python tuple method cmp() compares elements of two tuples.
Syntax
cmp(tuple1, tuple2)
Example -:
tuple1, tuple2 = (123, 'xyz'), (456, 'abc')
print cmp(tuple1, tuple2)
print cmp(tuple2, tuple1)
tuple3 = tuple2 + (786,);
print cmp(tuple2, tuple3)
b) Write a python program to read contents of first.txt file and write same content in
second.txt file.
with open("test.txt") as f:
with open("out.txt", "w") as f1:
for line in f:
f1.write(line)
c) Show how try…except blocks is used for exception handling in Python with example
Answer: The try block lets you test a block of code for errors. The except block lets you handle
the error.
When an error occurs, or exception as we call it, Python will normally stop and generate an error
message. These exceptions can be handled using the try statement:
How try() works?
First try clause is executed i.e. the code between try and except clause.
If there is no exception, then only try clause will run, except clause is finished.
If any exception occured, try clause will be skipped and except clause will run.
If any exception occurs, but the except clause within the code doesn't handle it, it is passed
on to the outer try statements. If the exception left unhandled, then the execution stops.
A try statement can have more than one except clause.
try:
print(x)
except NameError:
print("Variable x is not defined")
except:
print("Something else went wrong")
Another Example -:
def divide(x, y):
try:
# Floor Division : Gives only Fractional Part as Answer
result = x // y
print("Yeah ! Your answer is :", result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Sorry ! You are dividing by zero ")
d) Write the output for the following if the variable fruit='banana':
>>>fruit[:3]
>>>fruit[3:]
>>>fruit[3:3]
>>>fruit[:]
Answer: The output for the following code are as follows -:
>>>fruit[:3]
ban
>>>fruit[3:]
ana
>>>fruit[3:3]
n
>>>fruit[:]
banana
Q.5) Attempt any TWO of the following.
(12 Marks)
a) Determine various data types available in Python with example.
Answer: A variable can hold different types of values. For example, a person's name must be stored
as a string whereas its id must be stored as an integer.
Python provides various standard data types that define the storage method on each of them. The
data types defined in Python are given below.
1. Number
2. String
3. List
4. Tuple
5. Dictionary
Numbers
Number stores numeric values. Python creates Number objects when a number is assigned to a
variable. For example;
a = 3 , b = 5 #a and b are number objects
Python supports 4 types of numeric data.
int (signed integers like 10, 2, 29, etc.)
long (long integers used for a higher range of values like 908090800L, -0x1929292L, etc.)
float (float is used to store floating point numbers like 1.9, 9.902, 15.2, etc.)
complex (complex numbers like 2.14j, 2.0 + 2.3j, etc.)
String
The string can be defined as the sequence of characters represented in the quotation marks.
The following example illustrates the string handling in python.
str1 = 'hello javatpoint' #string str1
str2 = ' how are you' #string str2
print (str1[0:2]) #printing first two character using slice operator
print (str1[4]) #printing 4th character of the string
print (str1*2) #printing the string twice
print (str1 + str2) #printing the concatenation of str1 and str2
Output:
he
o
hello javatpointhello javatpoint
hello javatpoint how are you
List
Lists are similar to arrays in C. However; the list can contain data of different types. The items
stored in the list are separated with a comma (,) and enclosed within square brackets [].
We can use slice [:] operators to access the data of the list. The concatenation operator (+) and
repetition operator (*) works with the list in the same way as they were working with the strings.
example.
l = [1, "hi", "python", 2]
print (l[3:]);
print (l[0:2]);
print (l);
print (l + l);
print (l * 3);
Output:
[2]
[1, 'hi']
[1, 'hi', 'python', 2]
[1, 'hi', 'python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'python', 2]
[1, 'hi', 'python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'python', 2]
Tuple
A tuple is similar to the list in many ways. Like lists, tuples also contain the collection of the items
of different data types. The items of the tuple are separated with a comma (,) and enclosed in
parentheses ().
A tuple is a read-only data structure as we can't modify the size and value of the items of a tuple.
Example -:
t = ("hi", "python", 2)
print (t[1:]);
print (t[0:1]);
print (t);
print (t + t);
print (t * 3);
print (type(t))
t[2] = "hi";
Output:
('python', 2)
('hi',)
('hi', 'python', 2)
('hi', 'python', 2, 'hi', 'python', 2)
('hi', 'python', 2, 'hi', 'python', 2, 'hi', 'python', 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 8, in
t[2] = "hi";
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Dictionary
Dictionary is an ordered set of a key-value pair of items. It is like an associative array or a hash
table where each key stores a specific value. Key can hold any primitive data type whereas value
is an arbitrary Python object.
The items in the dictionary are separated with the comma and enclosed in the curly braces {}.
example. -:
d = {1:'Jimmy', 2:'Alex', 3:'john', 4:'mike'};
print("1st name is "+d[1]);
print("2nd name is "+ d[4]);
print (d);
print (d.keys());
print (d.values());
Output:
1st name is Jimmy
2nd name is mike
{1: 'Jimmy', 2: 'Alex', 3: 'john', 4: 'mike'}
[1, 2, 3, 4]
['Jimmy', 'Alex', 'john', 'mike']
b) Write a python program to calculate factorial of given number using function.
Answer: The factorial of a number is the product of all the integers from 1 to that number.
For example, the factorial of 6 is 1*2*3*4*5*6 = 720. Factorial is not defined for negative numbers
and the factorial of zero is one, 0! = 1.
def recur_factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return n
else:
return n*recur_factorial(n-1)
num = 7
# check if the number is negative
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print("The factorial of", num, "is", recur_factorial(num))
Output
The factorial of 7 is 5040
c) Show the output for the following:
1. >>> a=[1,2,3]
>>>b=[4,5,6]
>>> c=a+b
2. >>>[1,2,3]*3
3.
>>>t=['a','b','c','d','e','f']
>>>t[1:3]=['x','y']
>>>print t
Answer:
1.
[1,2,3,4,5,6]
2.
[1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]
3.
['a','x','y','d','e','f']
Q.6) Attempt any TWO of the following.
(12 Marks)
a) Describe Set in python with suitable examples.
Answer: A Set is an unordered collection data type that is iterable, mutable and has no duplicate
elements. Python's set class represents the mathematical notion of a set. The major advantage of
using a set, as opposed to a list, is that it has a highly optimized method for checking whether a
specific element is contained in the set. This is based on a data structure known as a hash table.
If Multiple values are present at the same index position, then the value is appended to that index
position, to form a Linked List. In, Python Sets are implemented using dictionary with dummy
variables, where key beings the members set with greater optimizations to the time complexity.
Set = set(["a", "b", "c"])
print("Set: ")
print(Set)
# Adding element to the set
Set.add("d")
print("\nSet after adding: ")
print(Set)
Output:
Set:
set(['a', 'c', 'b'])
Set after adding:
set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd'])
b) Illustrate class inheritance in Python with an example.
Answer: Inheritance enable us to define a class that takes all the functionality from parent class
and allows us to add more. In this article, you will learn to use inheritance in Python.
It refers to defining a new class with little or no modification to an existing class. The new class is
called derived (or child) class and the one from which it inherits is called the base (or parent)
class.
Python Inheritance Syntax
class BaseClass:
Body of base class
class DerivedClass(BaseClass):
Body of derived class
Example -:
class Polygon:
def __init__(self, no_of_sides):
self.n = no_of_sides
self.sides = [0 for i in range(no_of_sides)]
def inputSides(self):
self.sides = [float(input("Enter side "+str(i+1)+" : ")) for i in range(self.n)]
def dispSides(self):
for i in range(self.n):
print("Side",i+1,"is",self.sides[i])
c) Design a class Employee with data members: name, department and salary. Create
suitable methods for reading and printing employee information.
Answer:
class Employee:
__name=""
__dep=""
__salary=0
def setData(self):
self.__name = input("Enter Name\t:")
self.__dep = input("Enter department\t:")
self.__salary = int(input("Enter Salary:"))
def showData(self):
print("Name\t:", self.__name)
print("Department\t:", self.__dep)
print("Salary\t:", self.__salary)
def main():
#Employee Object
emp=Employee()
emp.setData()
emp.showData()
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
Output -:
DIAGRAM 5