Chapter:12 'In the decade of 60s'

This was in the 17th century (about 300 years ago) when the Saint Hazrat Bari Imam was residing in present day Islamabad. He is said to have predicted the future capital of the Islamic Republic in the region of Potohar, at the placement of Gandhara civilization.

Construction of Islamabad began in 1960, but in almost a decade the city has emerged as one of the new national capitals of the 20th century. Islamabad was built in the 1960s to make Karachi the capital of Pakistan. The city master plan divides the city into eight zones, including administrative, diplomatic enclave, residential area, education sector, industrial sector, commercial area, and rural and green area.

Construction began in 1961 in an effort to combine traditional Islamic architecture with modern patterns and requirements. World-renowned names in town planning and architecture such as Konstantinos Dioxides, Edward Durell Stone, and Gio Ponti have been associated with the city's development. The Greek firm of architects, headed by Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis, designed the city's master plan based on the grid plan, which was triangular in shape with its peak facing the Margalla hills.

Islamabad name means city of Islam. It is two words from Islam: Islamabad and Islamabad. Islam refers to Islam religion, Islam's state religion, and settled is a Persian Facility, which means the cultivation of the place, which is settled in the settlement or city. According to a book of Mohammad Ismail, a book of Arthur, a school teacher, who is known as Qazi Abdul Rahman Amrisherry, suggested the name of the city.

Islamabad Capital Territory, which is located on the level of Patthewat Purtatar, North Asia is considered one of the early places of human settlement in Asia. Levels have met the world's oldest stone-eraders, which are 100,000 to 500,000 years ago. The initial stone export from the river Swan's roofs testifies to the early human beings in the ice-era. Materials of malicious history and vessels have been found. Dr. Abdul Ghafoor Lun's Line's gifts get evidence of prehistoric culture in this area. The 5000 BC's arthritis and human skulls have found that the poor was the house of people who belong to the river Swan and the later women developed in the area of 3000 BC, in the area of 3000 BC.

The Indus Valley Civilization flourished in the region between the 23rd and 18th centuries BC. The area was later the earliest settlement of the Aryan community who migrated to the region from Central Asia. Many great armies such as Zaheer-ud-Din Babar, Genghis Khan, Timur and Ahmad Shah Durrani crossed the region during their attacks on the Indian subcontinent. In 2015-16, the Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums, with financial support from the National Fund for Cultural Heritage, excavated early archeological sites that uncovered the remains of a Buddhist stupa at Ban Faqiran near the Shahullah Dutta Caves. Which dates from the 2nd to the 5th century AD.

When Pakistan gained independence in 1947, the southern port city of Karachi was its temporary national capital. In 1958, a commission was formed to select a suitable location for the national capital near Rawalpindi, with special emphasis on location, climate, logistics and defence needs, among other features. After extensive study, research, and a thorough review of possible locations, the Commission recommended the area northeast of Rawalpindi in 1959.

In the 1960s, Islamabad was built as a forward capital for a number of reasons. Karachi was also located at the southern tip of the country, and was under attack from the Arabian Sea. Pakistan needed a capital that was easily accessible from all parts of the country. Karachi, a business hub, was also considered unsuitable due in part to the interference of business interests in government affairs. Islamabad's newly elected location was near the army headquarters in Rawalpindi and the disputed area of Kashmir in the north.

The Greek firm of architects, headed by Constantinos Apostolos Doxides, designed the city's master plan based on a grid plan that was triangular with its peak facing the Margalla Hills. The capital was not shifted directly from Karachi to Islamabad. It was first temporarily shifted to Rawalpindi in the early 60's and then to Islamabad in 1966 when the necessary development work was completed. World-renowned architects such as Edward Darrell Stone and Geo Ponty have been involved in the city's development.

Modern Islamabad also includes the old settlement of Syedpur. The British seized control of the region from the Sikhs in 1849 and set up the largest cantonment in Asia in the region at Rawalpindi. It remained in government until 1959, when military president Ayub Khan decided to make Islamabad the new capital. In northern Pakistan, near the General Headquarters of the Pakistan Armed Forces in Rawalpindi. During this process, Rawalpindi was the interim capital.

Sub-tropical dry forests are found in Attock, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Jhelum and Gujarat districts of Punjab and in Mansehra, Abbottabad, Mardan, Peshawar and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa up to an altitude of 1,000 meters.

Islamabad is home to many immigrants from other parts of Pakistan and has a rich cultural and religious diversity. Due to its location on the Potohar Plateau, remnants of ancient cultures and civilizations such as the Aryan, Swanian and Indus Valley civilizations can still be found in the region. Ghakhar Fort of the 15th century, Pharwala Fort is located near Islamabad. Rawat Fort in this region was built by Ghakhar in the 16th century and also contains the tomb of Sultan Sarang Khan, the chief of Ghakhar.

The village of Syedpur is supposedly named after Syed Khan, the son of Sarang Khan. The 500-year-old village was converted into a Hindu shrine by a Mughal commander, Raja Man Singh. He built several small ponds: Rama Kanda, Sita Kanda, Lakshman Kanda, and Hanuman Kanda. There is a small Hindu temple in the area which is preserved, indicating the presence of Hindus in the region. The shrine of Saint Pir Mehr Ali Shah is located in Golra Sharif, which has a rich cultural heritage of the pre-Islamic era. Buddhist archaeology can still be found in the area. The shrine of Bari Imam was built by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Thousands of devotees from all over Pakistan attend the annual Urs of Bari Imam. The event is one of the largest religious gatherings in Islamabad. In 2004, more than 1.2 million people attended the Urs.

City Master Plan Greek specialist construction Constantonos Approvo Ducexidi distributed the city to eight zones, including administrative, diplomatic inquiry, residential area, educational and industrial sector, trade area, and rural and green area, which are administered. With the help of Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation Capital Development Authority. Islamabad Margalla Hills is known for the presence of numerous parks and forests including National Park and Cup. It is a number of signs, which is the most remarkable Faisal mosque, which is the largest mosque of South Asia. And the world is the fifth mosque. Other signs include Pakistan's National Memorandum and Democracy Square.

The Lok heritage museum in Islamabad reserves the expression of various types of Pakistan's folk and traditional cultural heritage. This gratitude is located near the hills and this area and other parts of Pakistan are a large exhibition of embroidered costumes, jewellery, music devices, wooden work, vessels and folk cultural items. Islamic arts construction is a combination of modernity and old Islamic and regional traditions. Saudi-pure tower is an example of integrated modern building construction with traditional style.

The beige colour building has been scarlet blue, tiles, and it is one of the highest buildings of Islamabad. Other examples of Islamic and modern architecture related to each other include Pakistan Memorandum and Faisal Mosque. Other notable structures are: Secretariat Complex, which was designed by Geo Pot, the Prime Minister's Secretariat and the Edward Durveon Stone made the National Assembly.

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