Karma Yoga (Ch 3)

The pundits and the plebeians alike aver that the philosophy of the Gita is the practice of disinterested action, that is apart from an unflinching devotion to the Supreme, and in that context, it may be noted that while postulating the same, Krishna, as was seen before, had been critical of the ritualistic aspects of and mundane expectations from the Vedic ceremonies (Ch2, v42 -v 46 'n v53). Given that the avowed philosophy of the Gita is to tend man on the path of duty without attachment, the about turn in

this chapter, v9 - v16, to formulate the procedural aspects of the rituals and the divine backing they enjoy (not to be confused with bhakti that is devotion to god) cannot stand up to commonsense not to speak of logic and reason.

Thus, it is unthinkable that Krishna, having been unequivocal about the fallacy of the Vedic rituals, and the lack of wisdom in those that lay store by the ceremonies that promise rewards here and in hereafter, would have, in the same breath, advocated the following that turn the rational clock back in the ritualistic direction.

V9

yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra loko 'yaṁ karma-bandhanaḥ

tad-arthaṁ karma kaunteya mukta-saṅgaḥ samāchara

Other than those actions performed for yajna, this world gets bound by action. Therefore, O Kaunteya, perform actions in that regard, without attachment. In so far as the spirit of the rituals is concerned, so far so good, but then comes

V10

saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛiṣhṭvā purovācha prajāpatiḥ

anena prasaviṣhyadhvam eṣha vo 'stviṣhṭa-kāma-dhuk

In ancient times, Prajaapati created humanity along with yajna. He said "through this (yajna) let everyone prosper, and may it become your fulfiller of wishes".

However, if it was the Lord that so readily changed his mind in the above and the two succeeding verses, then it would lend credence to Allah's over and again abrogation of his own diktats in the Quran! But at the mundane level, it can be inferred that the interpolator was just mindless, and so are those that fail to discern this and other 'divine' contradictions that abound in the Gita in vogue.

V11

devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ

parasparaṁ bhāvayantaḥ śhreyaḥ param avāpsyatha

You will make the deities prosper through this (yajna), and the deities will make you prosper. By mutually making each other prosperous, you will attain the highest good.

V12

iṣhṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ

tair dattān apradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ

The deities, nourished by yajna, will also provide you the objects you desire. One who consumes these objects without offering them to others, he is a thief.

V13

yajña-śhiṣhṭāśhinaḥ santo muchyante sarva-kilbiṣhaiḥ

bhuñjate te tvaghaṁ pāpā ye pachantyātma-kāraṇāt

The spiritually-minded, who eat food that is first offered in sacrifice, are released from all kinds of sin. Others, who cook food for their own enjoyment, verily eat only sin.

V14

annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna-sambhavaḥ

yajñād bhavati parjanyo yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ

All living beings subsist on food, and food is produced by rains. Rains come from the performance of sacrifice, and sacrifice is produced by the performance of prescribed duties.

V15

karma brahmodbhavaṁ viddhi brahmākṣhara-samudbhavam

tasmāt sarva-gataṁ brahma nityaṁ yajñe pratiṣhṭhitam

The duties for human beings are described in the Vedas, and the Vedas are manifested by God himself. Therefore, the all-pervading Lord is eternally present in acts of sacrifice

V16

evaṁ pravartitaṁ chakraṁ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ

aghāyur indriyārāmo moghaṁ pārtha sa jīvati

O Parth, those who do not accept their responsibility in the cycle of sacrifice established by the Vedas are sinful. They live only for the delight of their senses; indeed their lives are in vain.

However, in contrast to the above postulations, it is pertinent to note that while describing the Omnipresence of the Supreme Spirit in Ch10,V22, it has been averred that among the Vedas, the Supreme Spirit is Sāma Veda that, symbolizes music but not Rig or Yajur Veda, both associated with ritualism.

Ch10, V22

I am the Sama of Vedas

It's Me Indra, god of gods

Of all organs, mind is Me

And so life in all beings.

vedānāṁ sāma-vedo 'smi devānām asmi vāsavaḥ

indriyāṇāṁ manaśh chāsmi bhūtānām asmi chetanā

And again, in v25 of the said chapter, it is averred that among the sacrifices, He is tapo yagjna, prayer muted, and not Asvamedha, the horse sacrifice.

Ch10, V25

Bhrugur I am the well-realized

So Am 'Om' that sound supreme,

Of rituals Am prayer muted

Himalayas high that kiss the skies.

maharṣhīṇāṁ bhṛigur ahaṁ girām asmyekam akṣharam

yajñānāṁ japa-yajño 'smi sthāvarāṇāṁ himālayaḥ

Hence, it can be said without any contradiction that the eight above cited verses are no more than mere interpolations for the purpose already stated.

Now, over to the rest of the rest of the interpolations in this chapter thus:

V17

yas tvātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛiptaśh cha mānavaḥ

ātmanyeva cha santuṣhṭas tasya kāryaṁ na vidyate

But those who rejoice in the self, who are illumined and fully satisfied in the self, for them, there is no duty.

V18

naiva tasya kṛitenārtho nākṛiteneha kaśhchana

na chāsya sarva-bhūteṣhu kaśhchid artha-vyapāśhrayaḥ

Such self-realized souls have nothing to gain or lose either in discharging or renouncing their duties. Nor do they need to depend on other living beings to fulfill their self-interest.

Clearly intended to exonerate the Brahmins from the tedious menial occupations, the above two verses v17-v18 are out of context as well, even in the interpolated text, which, along with the preceding ones, as can be seen below, unambiguously break the continuity of the discourse between v8 'n v19

Ch3, V8

Lest thee should stake survival

Turn thy back not on thy work.

niyataṁ kuru karma tvaṁ karma jyāyo hyakarmaṇaḥ

śharīra-yātrāpi cha te na prasiddhyed akarmaṇaḥ

Ch3, V19

Ever thee act at par duty

Let that be thy goal of life.

tasmād asaktaḥ satataṁ kāryaṁ karma samāchara

asakto hyācharan karma param āpnoti pūruṣhaḥ

Then comes this

V24

utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṁ karma ched aham

sankarasya cha kartā syām upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ

If I ceased to perform prescribed actions, all these worlds would perish. I would be responsible for the pandemonium that would prevail, and would thereby destroy the peace of the human race.

which is but an analogy of

Ch3, V23

Were I to fail to self-exert

Man might follow suit as well

yadi hyahaṁ na varteyaṁ jātu karmaṇyatandritaḥ

mama vartmānuvartante manuṣhyāḥ pārtha sarvaśhaḥ,

This thus is an interpolation.

Then this mischief monger

V35

śhreyān swa-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt sv-anuṣhṭhitāt

swa-dharme nidhanaṁ śhreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ

It is far better to perform one's natural prescribed duty, though tinged with faults, than to perform another's prescribed duty, though perfectly. In fact, it is preferable to die in the discharge of one's duty, than to follow the path of another, which is fraught with danger.

This motivated insertion (and its convenient cousin V47 in Ch18) obviously meant to confine the Shudras to the menial work, read together with its preceding and succeeding ones in the text, is contextually out of place in this egalitarian discourse, fouled by the motivated interpolations, and any whitewashing of the cynical intent by Gita's diehards in rationalizing these with holistic spins won't cut much ice.

Ch3, V34

Pays it to see grips avarice

Senses those thine nature tends.

indriyasyendriyasyārthe rāga-dveṣhau vyavasthitau

tayor na vaśham āgachchhet tau hyasya paripanthinau

Ch3, V36

Thus spoke Arjuna:

Why should one with right intent

Stray ever on the wayward ways!

arjuna uvācha

atha kena prayukto 'yaṁ pāpaṁ charati pūruṣhaḥ

anichchhann api vārṣhṇeya balād iva niyojitaḥ

That's about the interpolations in this chapter cited above sans the chapter prefix (as is the case with those in the chapters to follow)