In the other sides of the Ocean (October-December, 1874).

European-American immigration]

With the economic damage caused to farmers in Europe (due to wars such as the civil war in France or the Carlist war in Spain) and North America (the United States, which led to the founding of the United States Greenback Party) leads Russia to continue with the increases in foreign immigration to the state.

Mainly European due to its geographical proximity to North America (since the closest points between the United States and Russia are Alyáska and the Russian Far East respectively).

Faced with this situation, Emperor Alexander III made an extension of the offer given to French and Spanish immigrants, but with a modification.

Immigrants were offered a plot of land in Siberia (from the Urals to the Russian Far East) in exchange for 3 to 5 years of working that plot or in Russian cities (agricultural or artisan work, etc).

After which the immigrant obtained citizenship and the papers of said plot of land.

A wave of European immigrants accepted, some due to an exodus to the rural environment (or European rural populations mobilized by the industrial growth of Russia), due to economic opportunities, wars at home, etc.

The first Americans (coming from the west coast) were in great numbers but in a less usual way than the Europeans (since transcontinental travel at that time was rarer). Forming communities mainly in Outer Manchuria, or the so-called "Green Ukraine" of the Russian Far East.

The European community, made up of English, Spanish, French, other Slavs, Italians, and German-Austrians, spread much more widely across Russian territories (hence their communities were smaller and geographically scattered).

Americans on the other hand concentrated more on the Russian Far East region, inhabited by Russians, Little Russians, and Native Asian peoples.

In their early years these Americans nicknamed their first neighborhood "Little Riverside."

(OOC: A reference to "Little Odessa" / Brighton Beach)

*******

[Alyáska / Russian America: The Ninilchik dialect]

A young man named Mikhail from the Kvasnikov family from Ninilchik headed for the local school, the town, of which his ancestors were some of the first inhabitants, was growing considerably.

From a town of fur hunters and fishermen there were now better streets, a local church, a school, markets and some industries (textiles, handicrafts, etc).

On the way the young Mikhail observed, as on many other days, how unlike Russian children, native children studied in the local church with the priest, and native adults.

Apart from that fact, Native Americans were not something strange to the young Ninilchik, they were playmates and citizens of the city (as well as other great Russians, little Russians, white Russians and immigrants, etc).

*******

The town of Ninilchik, founded before 1844 (exact records of the founding year have been lost) has given its name to the Russian dialect of Russian America due to the origin of the first standard alphabets in Cyrillic of the dialect they are found in the city.

In the city the population had increased after the discovery of gold and government promotions, but the original families of the city still lived there (and their descendants still live there today). The Kvasnikovs, the Alekseevs, the Rastorguevs and the Oskolovs.

And the first signs of this dialect are found in the second half of the 19th century, with the increase in population. On the one hand from the Russian-speaking population and on the other by its interaction with the Native American settlements or Native American populations in cities founded by the Russians.

Orthodox priests and native adults played a crucial role in fostering the Ninilchik dialect, as locals played a role in its standardization first on the shores of Alyáska and then elsewhere.

In Russian America after the educational reform, native adults could freely teach their children in their native language, but Russian Orthodox priests and teachers had to teach exact sciences (mathematics for example). The interaction between Russians and Native Americans was inevitable.

In addition to this, Orthodox priests began to teach and use the Cyrillic alphabet for native languages, a practice that spread to the native populations of the coast (later it would spread to the interior of Alyáska).

Studies of the Ninilchik dialect show that Ninilchik, as a dialect, is still a Slavic language, but that it borrows elements from the Native American languages of Alyáska. And some terms of Eurasian Russian have been affected.

Speaking of borrowed terms, the Ninilchik mainly draws from the Eskimo – Aleut languages (of the Aleutian islands, Yupik, etc) and the Athabaskan (Dena'ina and others).

It is very likely that the first speakers of Ninilchik were not only the inhabitants of the city, but also merchants and soldiers of Native American origins from Alyáska, in addition to the mixed Russian-native families.

Then Ninilchik was a business language between the migrant settlers and Native Americans, and also the natural cultural development of the colony in demographic-economic growth.

Among some of the first examples of mixed marriages in Russian America is its first governor, Alexander Andréyevich Baranov, who married the daughter of a Native American leader (it is disputed which tribe, some say Aleutians).

With this marriage (his of he second of his in fact), Baranov had three children, a son Antipater (born in 1795) and two daughters Irina (born in 1804) and Catherine (born in 1808).

In essence, processes similar to those that appeared in other American colonies of European nations (the Portuguese and Spanish colonies).

*******

[International]

On October 9, the Treaty of Bern in Switzerland creates the General Postal Union for the passage of letters internationally.

On October 19, the University of Zagreb is founded.

The Carlist forces from Cuenca march towards Madrid, at the beginning of October, various republican columns rush to try to defend the capital from the armies of the brother of Don Carlos VII.

However, the liberal-conservative forces are defeated by the bulk of the eastern Carlist rebellion, which continues its march towards Madrid.

In November the Carlist forces are finally prepared for the taking of Madrid, launching a siege against the city that continues to be the capital of the "Spanish Republic" now effectively led by soldiers like Manuel Pavía.

At the end of December (29), General Arsenio Martínez Campos in and Brigadier General Luis Dabán Ramírez de Arellano made the Sagunto Statement. Proclaiming King Alfonso, son of Queen Elizabeth II of Spain (as opposed to the Carlist pretender Carlos VII).

General Manuel Pavía supports this in his coup against the democratic administration.

The following day republican generals such as Fernando Primo de Rivera accept said pronouncement made by the Alphonsists, in favor of Alfonso XII. Effectively putting an end to the Spanish Republic and the so-called democratic administration in favor of the Bourbon restoration.

The German Leopoldist forces are finally defeated, but there are still many issues to attend to, such as the cantonalist forces and the Carlist armies in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, which could take Madrid.

On December 1, the Kingdom of Denmark grants a limited Home Rule to Iceland, with a constitution.