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Atomunder

Atomunder cars on the area ,We need to alternatör crafts

Name:Atomunder

6 Power

We need to another city

Electricity

Renewable Energy

Volume 66, June 2014, Pages 185-195

Small wind power generation using automotive alternator

Author links open overlay panelSamuel OfordileAniJan AbrahamFerreira

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Highlights

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We investigated the feasibility of automotive alternator for wind turbine application.

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Alternator output performance was determined via measurement tests, and used to match turbine output characteristics.

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Effective matching of the turbine characteristics with alternator was achieved by the selection of suitable turbine parameters and gear ratio.

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The energy yield from this system is comparable with many commercially available systems.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using claw pole automotive alternator as a generator for small wind turbine and to compare its energy yield and generated electricity cost with commercially available systems. The comparison is based on the energy yield per swept area and cost per energy produced in a low wind speed climate. Concepts such as the selection of suitable turbine parameters and gear ratio were used to achieve good matching of the turbine characteristics with measured alternator performance in order to improve the energy yield from the alternator in battery charging application. The energy yield from the alternator integrated to a 3.9 m diameter turbine is comparable with many commercially available turbines. The generated electricity cost of a commercially available turbine can be reduced by more than a factor of 2 by replacing its generator with our proposed alternator. The alternator-based turbine system is therefore a low cost solution aimed at making wind energy available to areas where the current cost of wind technology makes it prohibitive.Automotive alternator

Battery charging

Energy yield

Generated energy cost

Small wind turbine

Speed transmission

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Current Applied Physics

Volume 16, Issue 8, August 2016, Pages 809-815

Geometric and electric properties of graphitic carbon nitride sheet with embedded single manganese atom under bi-axial tensile strain

Author links open overlay panelYusuf ZuntuAbdullahiacLim ThongLengd

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2016.04.019Get rights and content

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In this paper, geometric, electric and magnetic properties of graphitic heptazine with embedded Mn atom under bi-axial tensile strain are investigated using density-functional theory with the spin polarized generalized gradient approximation and Hubbard U correction. The binding energy computed for the systems are found to uniformly decrease with the increase in small bi-axial tensile strain (0–5%). The decrease of the binding energy can be related to the increase in the NCN bond angle within the cavity which tries to recover its sp2 hybridized bond. The projected density of states (PDOS) of strained/unstrained systems is also computed. It is found that the covalent bonding of the 6 nitrogen atoms located at the edge of the cavity and the embedded manganese atom in CN1 is mainly contributed by s, dzx and dz2 of the Mn atom, as well as the sp-like orbitals of these nitrogen atoms in the majority spin state respectively. Our calculations also predict enhanced band gap (0.67 eV at zero strain, 1.12 eV at 4% strain) induced by small amount of bi-axial tensile strain. The increase in band gap can be attributed to the structural distortions of the sheet caused by the symmetric deformations which lead to the backward shift in the σ-like orbitals states of the CN1 atoms. Such properties may be desirable for diluted magnetic semiconductors, future spintronics, molecular magnet and nanoelectronics devices.

Keywords

Heptazine

Density functional theory

Mn embedment

Geometric

Electronic properties

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Computational Materials Science

Volume 10, Issues 1–4, February 1998, Pages 211-216

Periodic Anderson model for the description of noncollinear magnetic structure in low-dimensional 3d-systems

Author links open overlay panelV.M.Uzdina∗N.S.Yartsevab

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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0256(97)80201-7Get rights and content

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Distribution of magnetic moments in the low-dimensional metallic structures has been studied theoretically on the basis of periodic Anderson model. Calculation of noncollinear magnetic order was performed in the Hartree-Fock approximation using tight binding real space recursion method. Iteration process includes self-consistent determination of population numbers for the electrons with different directions of the magnetic moments at given atom relatively to the fixed axis. Energies of all states corresponding to the different directions of magnetic moments at the atom under consideration have been calculated, and the state with minimal energy being accepted for the next step.

Analytical transformations based on the generalised "zeros and poles method" were performed for the Green function that allows to avoid some time-consuming numerical procedures. It gives the possibility to develop efficient algorithm for the calculation of noncollinear magnetic structure of complex space nonhomogeneous systems.

Calculations performed for the parameters corresponding to Fe and Cr show the qualitatively different dependencies of the magnetic moment magnitude and the energies of d-electrons on the angles, which define the direction of magnetic moments.

Keywords

Model Hamiltonians

Noncollinear magnetism

3d-metals

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∗

Present address: Institut fuer Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.

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Niels Bohr Collected Works

Volume 5, 1984, Pages 253-268

III. Atomic Theory and Mechanics [2]

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https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-0503(08)70532-2Get rights and content

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This chapter discusses multiplet structure of spectral lines and the influence of magnetic fields on this structure. The experiments by Stern and Gerlach, by which a direct connection was shown between the forces acting on an atom in an inhomogeneous magnetic field and the energy values of the stationary states, calculated from the split spectral terms, might be regarded as a major support for the fundamental ideas of the quantum theory. Landé's analysis of the split terms should, however, disclose a fundamental difference between the interaction of the electrons in the atom and the coupling of mechanical systems. A new stage in the development of the quantum theory has been introduced in recent years by a closer study of optical phenomena. While the classical theory yielded such impressive results in this field, there were thus far no direct clues in the postulates. From experiment, it could be concluded that an atom under illumination causes a scattering of the light somewhat analogous to the classically calculated scattering by elastically bound electrical particles, whose natural frequencies are identical to the frequencies that correspond to the transition possibilities of the atom

The electrochemical oxidation of formaldehyde has been studied by cyclic voltammetry on gold and silver rotating disc electrodes varying the sweep rate, the angular velocity, formaldehyde concentration and pH of the supporting electrolyte. The Tafel parameters and reaction orders as well as the rate constants have been determined. A reaction path is proposed which involves the release and oxidation of the first hydrogen atom under an interaction of formaldehyde molecule with the metal surface and with the OH−-ion, followed by a non-electrochemical reaction or a second charge transfer reaction, depending upon the electrode potential.

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