Outline

1. Quota System:

- First introduced in 1972.

- Original division: 45% merit, 30% freedom fighter's children, 10% women, 10% district quota, 5% ethnic minorities.

- Protests against the quota system occurred in 2018, and 2024.

- Demands for recruitment based on merit.

- In 2018, a major protest led to the abolition of the quota system in government jobs.

- In 2024, the quota system was reintroduced, which was considered illegal by some.

- New division: 44% merit, 30% freedom fighters, 10% women, 10% district, 5% ethnic minorities, and 1% disabled.

- In 2024, many people died, were injured, or went missing during protests.

- Responding to protesters' demands, the quota was adjusted to 93% merit, 5% freedom fighters, 1% disabled, and 1% ethnic minorities.

2. Bangladesh Chhatra League:

- Founded in 1948 under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

- Played a crucial role in the independence movement and language movement.

- Currently influential in universities and colleges.

3. Student Protesters:

- Organize protests on various social, political, and educational issues.

- Historical examples include the Language Movement, '69 Mass Uprising, and '90 Democracy Restoration Movement.

- Recent movements include quota reform, road safety, and anti-sexual harassment.

- Generally not affiliated with specific political parties but use various strategies to support protests and movements.

4. Awami League:

- Founded in 1949.

- Led Bangladesh's independence war.

- Founded by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

- Currently in power for the third term under Sheikh Hasina's leadership.

- Supports the slogan "Joy Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu".

5. BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist Party):

- Founded in 1978.

- Ziaur Rahman is its founder.

- Established on the ideals of nationalism, democracy, and self-reliance.

- Currently the main opposition party under Khaleda Zia's leadership.

- Uses the slogan "Bangladesh Zindabad".

6. 1. Razakar:

• Historical context:

- Formed during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971

- Established by the Pakistani government

• Activities:

- Gathering intelligence from local populations

- Conducting operations against freedom fighters

- Providing assistance to the Pakistani military

• Subsequent impact:

- Social and political rejection after independence

- Subject to war crime trials

7. Jamaat-Shibir:

• Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh:

- Founded: In 1941 in the Indian subcontinent

- Main goal: Establishment of Islamic governance

- Political position: Conservative Islamist

• Islami Chhatra Shibir:

- Founded: In 1977

- Activities: Promoting Islamic ideals in educational institutions

- Organization: Nationwide student activist network

• Criticism and controversies:

- Accusations of anti-liberation role

- Allegations of religious extremism and violence

- Conflicts with political opponents

• Legal status:

- Ban on Jamaat's participation in elections

- Restrictions on Shibir's activities

8. Casualties:

During the protests and conflicts related to these issues, several individuals reportedly lost their lives. A circulated list includes the following names:

Abu Sayed,

Faisal Ahmed Shanto,

MD Wasim Akrum,

Tahmid Tamim,

Sheikh Assabul Yamin,

Jahiduzzaman Tanvin,

Farhan Faiyaaz,

Irfan Bhuiyan,

Mir Mugdho,

Shahnewaz Fahad,

Shakil Parvez,

Sheikh Fahmin Jafar,

Tasauf Ul Alam,

Zillur Sheikh,

Dipto De,

Hasif Iqbal,

Hasan Mehedi,

Emon Ahmed,

Siam,

Dulal Matbar,

Shorif Hasan,

Emon Mia,

Shakil Hasan,

Sabbir Hossain,

Mohammad Imad, 

Iqbal,

Samudra Zaman,

Rudro Sen,

ATM Turab,

Nadim Mizan,

Abdul Goni,

Rakib,

Rasel,

Jobayer Bepari,

Rakib Hasan,

Hridoy Chandra,

Redwan Shorif,

Monirul Islam,

Ikram Hossain,

Maruf Hossain,

Mahmudul Hasan,

Mahamudur Rahman,

Mohammad Sami,

Mosharraf Hawladar,

Tahir Zaman Priyo,

Shafkat Samir,

Al Amin,

Dr. Sajib Sarkar,

Rahat Hossain,

And more then 900+ people.